Math Problem Statement

Use the definition of the derivative to evaluate the limit: lim(h→0) [(7+h)^4 + h - 2401] / h.

Solution

The given expression is the limit:

limh0(7+h)4+h2401h\lim_{h \to 0} \frac{(7+h)^4 + h - 2401}{h}

This resembles the definition of the derivative. To evaluate this, we can follow these steps:

Step 1: Identify the function

From the structure, it looks like the limit is based on the derivative of some function evaluated at x=7x = 7. The function that closely fits is:

f(x)=x4f(x) = x^4

At x=7x = 7, we have:

f(7)=74=2401f(7) = 7^4 = 2401

So the limit expression involves computing the derivative of f(x)=x4f(x) = x^4 at x=7x = 7, with a small perturbation hh.

Step 2: Apply the definition of the derivative

The derivative of f(x)=x4f(x) = x^4 at any point x=ax = a is defined as:

f(a)=limh0f(a+h)f(a)hf'(a) = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{f(a+h) - f(a)}{h}

For f(x)=x4f(x) = x^4, we are looking for f(7)f'(7), which means:

f(7)=limh0(7+h)42401hf'(7) = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{(7+h)^4 - 2401}{h}

This simplifies to the form of the limit given, except the extra hh term in the numerator. We can handle this next.

Step 3: Expand and simplify

Let's expand (7+h)4(7 + h)^4 using the binomial theorem:

(7+h)4=74+473h+672h2+47h3+h4(7+h)^4 = 7^4 + 4 \cdot 7^3 \cdot h + 6 \cdot 7^2 \cdot h^2 + 4 \cdot 7 \cdot h^3 + h^4

This simplifies to:

(7+h)4=2401+1372h+294h2+28h3+h4(7+h)^4 = 2401 + 1372h + 294h^2 + 28h^3 + h^4

Now, substitute this into the original limit expression:

limh02401+1372h+294h2+28h3+h4+h2401h\lim_{h \to 0} \frac{2401 + 1372h + 294h^2 + 28h^3 + h^4 + h - 2401}{h}

Simplifying the numerator:

=limh01372h+294h2+28h3+h4+hh= \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{1372h + 294h^2 + 28h^3 + h^4 + h}{h}

Step 4: Factor and simplify

Factor out hh from the terms in the numerator:

=limh0h(1372+294h+28h2+h3+1)h= \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{h(1372 + 294h + 28h^2 + h^3 + 1)}{h}

Cancel hh from the numerator and denominator:

=limh0(1372+294h+28h2+h3+1)= \lim_{h \to 0} (1372 + 294h + 28h^2 + h^3 + 1)

Step 5: Take the limit

As h0h \to 0, the terms involving hh, h2h^2, and h3h^3 vanish, leaving:

1372+1=13731372 + 1 = 1373

Thus, the value of the limit is:

1373\boxed{1373}


Would you like further clarification or details on any step?

Here are 5 related questions to explore further:

  1. What is the derivative of f(x)=x4f(x) = x^4 at any general point x=ax = a?
  2. How does the binomial theorem work when expanding powers of binomials like (a+b)n(a + b)^n?
  3. Can you explain why terms with higher powers of hh vanish when taking limits?
  4. How would the process change if the original function were f(x)=xnf(x) = x^n for some other power nn?
  5. How do we interpret the derivative in the context of real-world problems?

Tip: In problems involving limits and derivatives, expanding using binomial theorem or Taylor series can simplify the process when small perturbations like hh are involved.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Calculus
Limits
Derivatives
Binomial Expansion

Formulas

f'(a) = lim(h→0) [(f(a+h) - f(a)) / h]
Binomial Theorem for expansion: (a+b)^n

Theorems

Definition of Derivative
Binomial Theorem

Suitable Grade Level

College Calculus